Mold Inspection & Mold
Remediation |
|
A Brief History of Mold in Our Environment |
1hr |
How Does Mold Contamination Affect Our Health |
1hr |
Equipment Used in Mold Inspection & Remediation |
1hr |
Mold Inspection Technique and Protocols, Looking For Mold |
2hr |
Collection of Mold Samples Procedures and Protocols |
1hr |
Lab Reports, Documents, Chain of Evidence |
1hr |
Case Studies of Mold Contamination in Structures Q&A |
1hr |
Mold Remediation Protocols |
3hr |
Mold Remediation Using Chemical Solutions |
3hr |
Furniture, Carpet and Clothing(This module will cover how to test these materials useing EPA guidelines.) |
1hr |
Customer Relations |
1hr |
Dealing with Attorneys on Mold Cases |
1hr |
Fees, Paper work, and Your Clients Q&A |
1hr |
WHERE DO I SIGN UP FOR A MOLD TRAINIG COURSE?
THE FIRST STEP IS TO VISIT US AT HTTP://WWW.MOLDCLASS.COM/
THEN FILL OUT THE APPLICATION OR CALL US TO FIND OUT WHEN THE NEXT MOLD TRAINING
CLASS WILL BE HELD.
MOLD TRAINING for Absidia sp.
A zygomycete fungus. Reported to be allergenic. May cause mucorosis in immune
compromised individuals. The sites of infection are the lung, nasal sinus,
brain, eye and skin. Infection may have multiple sites.
MOLD TRAINING for Acremonium sp. (Cephalosporium sp.)
Reported to be allergenic. Can produce a trichothecene toxin that is toxic
if ingested. It was the primary fungus identified in at least two houses where
the occupant complaints were nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Asexual state
of Emericellopsis sp., Chaetomium sp., and Nectripsis sp. It can produce mycetomas,
infections of the cornea and nails.
MOLD TRAINING for Alternaria sp.
Aw - 0.89. Conidia dimensions: 18-83 x 7-18 microns. A very common allergen
with an IgE mediated response. It is often found in carpets, textiles and
on horizontal surfaces in building interiors. Often found on window frames.
Outdoors it may be isolated from samples of soil, seeds and plants. It is
commonly found in outdoor samples. The large spore size, 20 - 200 microns
in length and 7 - 18 microns in sizes, suggests that the spores from these
fungi will be deposited in the nose, mouth and upper respiratory tract. It
may be related to bakers' asthma. It has been associated with hypersensitivity
pneumonitis. The species Alternaria alternata is capable of producing tenuazonic
acid and other toxic metabolites that may be associated with disease in humans
or animals. Common cause of extrinsic asthma (immediate-type hypersensitivity:
type I). Acute symptoms include edema and bronchiospasms; chronic cases may
develop pulmonary emphysema.
MOLD TRAINING for Amerospore
A spherical or oval single-celled fungal spore that is practically unidentifiable
by itself. Genera with this type of spore include, but are not limited to,
Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Trichoderma.
For example, Penicillium is easily identifiable when sampling using culturing
techniques. However, when sampling with non-culturing techniques, such as
spore traps or tape-lifts, the free spores with no remnants of the fungal
structure are indistinguishable from Aspergillus and various other genera
that also produce small round and oval spores with little or no pigmentation.
Due to this fact, Penicillium will often be categorized on laboratory reports
in an "amerospore" and/or "Aspergillus/Penicillium" group.
MOLD TRAINING for Arthrinium sp.
Widespread saprophyte found on decomposing plant material, particularly grasses,
and on soil. It is a white, fuzzy mold. It should be considered to be an allergen.
This fungus has also been documented in various subcutaneous infections. No
diseases related to toxic effects have been recorded to date.
MOLD TRAINING for Ascospore
A spore borne in a special cell called an ascus. Spores of this type are reported
to be allergenic.
All ascomycetes, members of a group of fungi called Ascomycotina, have this
type of spore. The minute black dots on rotting wood and leaves or the little
cups on lichens are examples of ascomycetes; another is the "truffle"
mushroom.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus caesiellus
This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus candidus
Aw 0.75. Conidia dimensions: 2.5-4 microns. Found in warm soils, grain and
in the secondary decay of vegetation. Associated with respiratory complaints
in a recent house investigation. Can produce the toxin petulin that may be
associated with disease in humans and other animals.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus carneus
This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus clavatus
Conidia dimensions: 3-4.5 x 2.5-4.5 microns. Found in soils and animal manure.
Can produce the toxin petulin that may be associated with disease in humans
and other animals. This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus deflectus
This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus flavus
Aw 0.78. Conidia dimensions: 3-6 microns or 3-5 microns. It grows on moldy
corn and peanuts. It can be found in warm soil, foods and dairy products.
Some strains are capable of producing a group of mycotoxins- in the aflatoxin
group. Aflatoxins are known animal carcinogens. There is limited evidence
to suggest that this toxin is a human carcinogen. The toxin is poisonous to
humans by ingestion. It may also result in occupational disease via inhalation.
Experiments have indicated that it is teratogenic and mutagenic. It is toxic
to the liver. It is reported to be allergenic. Its presence is associated
with reports of asthma. It can be found in water-damaged carpets. The production
of the fungal toxin is dependent on the growth conditions and on the substrate
used as a food source. This fungus is associated with aspergillosis of the
lungs and/or disseminated aspergillosis. This fungus is occasionally identified
as the cause of corneal, otomycotic and nasoorbital infections.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus fumigatus
Aw 0.82; Optimum> 0.97. Conidia dimensions: 2-3.5 microns. Major cause
of aspergillosis. This organism causes both invasive and allergic aspergillosis.
Aspergillosis affects individuals who are immune compromised. It is considered
a human pathogen. It grows well at 35 degrees C. It is commonly found outdoors
in compost piles with temperatures higher than 40 degrees C, in mild to warm
soils and on cereals.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus glaucus
Conidia dimensions: 5-6.5 microns. Common outdoor fungus in the winter. It
is reported to be allergenic. This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
It can grow on leather. This fungus can grow at low moisture levels on grains,
sugary food products, meat and wool. The ascomycetous state is Eurotium sp.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus nidulans
Aw 0.78. Conidia dimensions: 2-4 microns. Found in mild to warm soils and
on slowly decaying plants. Can produce the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin. This
toxin has been shown to produce liver and kidney damage in lab animals. This
fungus is associated with aspergillosis of the lungs and/or disseminated aspergillosis.
This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus niger
Aw 0.77; Optimum> 0.97. Conidia dimensions: 3.5 - 5 microns or 4 to 5 microns.
Less common cause of aspergillosis. It has a musty odor. It is commonly found
in the environment on textiles, in soils, grains, fruits and vegetables. It
has been reported to cause skin and pulmonary infections. It is a common cause
of fungal related ear infections-otomycosis.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus ochraceus
Aw 0.77. Conidia dimensions: 2.5 - 3 microns. Found in grains, soil and salted
food products. It is not usually associated with decaying vegetation. Can
produce a kidney toxin ochratoxin A that may produce ochratoxicosis in humans.
This is also known as Balkan nephropathy. The toxin is produced at optimum
growth conditions at 25 degrees C and high moisture conditions. The ochratoxin
may also be produced by other Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. Other toxins
that can be produced by this fungus include penicillic acid, xanthomegnin
and viomellein. These are all reported to be kidney and liver toxins.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus oryzae
This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus parasiticus
Some strains are capable of producing a group of mycotoxins- in the aflatoxin
group. Aflatoxins are known animal carcinogens. There is limited evidence
to suggest that this toxin is a human carcinogen. The toxin is a poisonous
to humans by ingestion. Experiments have indicated that it is teratogenic
and mutagenic. It is toxic to the liver. The production of the fungal toxin
is dependent on the growth conditions and on the substrate used as a food
source.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus/Penicillium
These are two of the most commonly found allergenic fungi in problem buildings.
Aspergillus comes in many varieties (species). Many of the varieties produce
toxic substances. It may be associated with symptoms such as sinusitis, allergic
bronchiopulmonary aspergillosis, and other allergic symptoms.
Penicillium is a variety of mold that is very common indoors and is found
in increased numbers in problem buildings. It also has many varieties, some
of which produce toxic substances. The symptoms are allergic reactions, mucous
membrane irritation, headaches, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Because the spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium are very similar, they are
not differentiated by microscopic analysis and are reported together.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus penicilloides
Conidia dimensions: 3-3.5 x 4-5 microns. Can grow in areas with low water
activity. It is found in house dust and food.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus restrictus
This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus sp.
Aw 0.75 - 0.82. Reported to be allergenic. Members of this genus are reported
to cause ear infections. Many species produce mycotoxins that may be associated
with disease in humans and other animals. Toxin production is dependent on
the species or a strain within a species and on the food source for the fungus.
Some of these toxins have been found to be carcinogenic in animal species.
Several toxins are considered potential human carcinogens. Common cause of
extrinsic asthma (immediate-type hypersensitivity: type I). Acute symptoms
include edema and bronchiospasms; chronic cases may develop pulmonary emphysema;
may also be associated with sinusitis, allergic bronchiopulmonary aspergillosis,
and other allergic symptoms.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus sydowi
This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus terreus
Aw 0.78. Conidia dimensions: 1.8-2.4 microns or 2 - 2.5 microns. Aleurospores
6 - 7 microns in diameter are also produced. Found in warmer soil and in grains,
straw, cotton and decomposing vegetation. Can produce the toxin patulin and
citrinin that may be associated with disease in humans and other animals.
This fungus is associated with aspergillosis of the lungs and or disseminated
aspergillosis. Found as an isolate from otomycosis - ear infection, and onychomycosis
- infection of finger or toenails.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus ustus
This species is only occasionally pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aspergillus versicolor
Aw 0.78. Conidia dimensions: 2-3.5 microns. It is commonly found in soil,
hay, cotton and dairy products. It can produce a mycotoxin sterigmatocystin
and cyclopiaxonic acid. These toxins can cause diarrhea and upset stomach.
It is reported to be a kidney and liver carcinogen. This species is only occasionally
pathogenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Aureobasidium sp.
Found in soil, forest soils, fresh water, aerial portion of plants, fruit,
marine estuary sediments, wood. Allergen, Type I allergies (hay fever, asthma).
Type III hypersensitivity pneumonitis: "humidifier fever", "sauna
taker's lung". Growth indoors is widespread where moisture accumulates-
especially bathrooms and kitchens- on shower curtains, tile grout, windowsills,
textiles, liquid waste materials. Potential toxic production is not known.
Rare reports of: isolates from skin lesions, keratitis, spleen abscess in
a lymphoma patient, blood isolate from a leukemic patient.
MOLD TRAINING for Basidiomycetes
Members of a group of fungi called Basidiomycotina, which includes mushrooms
and puffballs. They produce spores that are formed on the outside of a special
cell called the basidium.
MOLD TRAINING for Basidiospore
Spore from basidiomycetes. Many varieties are reported to be allergenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Bipolaris sp.
A fungus with large spores that could be expected to be deposited in the upper
respiratory tract. This fungus can produce the mycotoxin - sterigmatocystin,
which has been shown to produce liver and kidney damage when ingested by laboratory
animals.
MOLD TRAINING for Blastomyces sp.
Human pathogen. The fungus is commonly found in soil. It is a dimorphic fungus
that has filamentous fungus when grown at 25 degrees C. and a yeast form at
37 degrees C.
MOLD TRAINING for Botrytis sp.
Aw 0.93. Conidia dimensions: 7-14 x 5-9 microns. It is parasitic on plants
and soft fruits. Found in soil and on house plants and vegetables, it is also
known as "gray mold". It causes leaf rot on grapes, strawberries,
lettuce, etc. It is a well-known allergen, producing asthma type symptoms
in greenhouse workers and "wine grower's lung".
MOLD TRAINING for Candida sp.
Part of the normal flora of mouth and other mucous membranes in the body.
Thrush and other diseases caused by Candida albicans usually occur after prolonged
treatment with antibiotics or steroids. The environment is not a likely source
of exposure for this fungus. Cells from the organism are usually not airborne.
Reported to be allergenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Cephalosporium sp.
See Acremonium sp.
MOLD TRAINING for Chaetomium sp.
Large ascomycetous fungus producing perithecia. It is found on a variety of
substrates containing cellulose, including paper and plant compost. It has
been found on paper in sheetrock. It can produce an Acremonium-like state
on fungal media. Varieties are considered allergenic and have been associated
with peritonitis, cutaneous lesions, and system mycosis.
MOLD TRAINING for Cladosporium fulvum (Fulvia fulva)
Conidia dimensions: 12-47 x 4-10 microns. It is found on the leaves of tomatoes.
MOLD TRAINING for Cladosporium herbarum
Aw 0.88. Conidia dimensions: 5-23 x 3-8 microns. It is found on dead plants,
woody plants, food, straw, soil, paint and textiles.
MOLD TRAINING for Cladosporium macrocarpum
Conidia dimensions: 9-29 x 5-13 microns. It is found on dead plants, woody
plants, food, straw, soil, paint, and textiles.
MOLD TRAINING for Cladosporium sp. (Hormodendrum sp.)
MOLD TRAINING for Aw 0.88; Aw 0.84. Most commonly identified outdoor fungus. The outdoor numbers are reduced in the winter. The numbers are often high in the summer. Often found indoors in numbers less than outdoor numbers. It is a common allergen. Indoor Cladosporium sp. may be different than the species identified outdoors. It is commonly found on the surface of fiberglass duct liners in the interior of supply ducts. A wide variety of plants are food sources for this fungus. It is found on dead plants, woody plants, food, straw, soil, paint, and textiles. Produces greater than 10 antigens. Antigens in commercial extracts are of variable quality and may degrade within weeks of preparation. Common cause of extrinsic asthma (immediate-type hypersensitivity: type I). Acute symptoms include skin lesions, eye ulceration, mycosis (including onychomycosis, an infection of the nails of the feet or hands) edema and bronchiospasms; chronic cases may develop pulmonary emphysema.
MOLD TRAINING for Cladosporium sphaerospermum
Conidia dimensions: 3-4.5 microns. It is found as a secondary invader of plants,
food, soil, paint and textiles.
MOLD TRAINING for Conidium
A thin-walled, asexual spore that is borne exogenously on a conidiophore and
is deciduous at maturity. (plural form: conidia.)
MOLD TRAINING for Conidia, unidentified
These are mold spores that do not show morphological characteristics that
allow identification. Because there are tens of thousands of types of fungi,
many fall into the "other" or "unknown" category. If they
are present in significant numbers, additional measures can be taken to identify
them. When spore counts are listed in the category: "Unidentified Conidia"
their numbers are considered "normal".
MOLD TRAINING for Conidobolus sp.
Can cause a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa (entomophthoromycosis).
MOLD TRAINING for Cryptococcus neoformans
A basidiomycetous encapsulated fungal organism found worldwide, mainly around
pigeon roosts and soil contaminated with decaying pigeon or chicken droppings.
It is generally accepted that the organism enters the host by the respiratory
route in the form of a dehydrated haploid yeast or as basidiospores. Hematogenously
spreading to extrapulmonary tissues, its predilection for the brain means
infected persons usually contract meningoencephalitis, which can be fatal.
MOLD TRAINING for Cryptostroma corticale
Conidia dimensions: 4-6.5 x 3.5-4 microns. Found on the bark of maple and
sycamore trees and on stored logs.
MOLD TRAINING for Cunninghanella sp.
Can cause disseminated and pulmonary infections in immune compromised hosts.
MOLD TRAINING for Curvularia sp.
Reported to be allergenic and has been associated with allergic fungal sinusitis.
It may cause corneal infections, mycetoma, and infections in immune compromised
hosts.
MOLD TRAINING for Dreschlera sp.
Conidia dimensions: 40-120 x 17-28 microns. Found on grasses, grains and decaying
food. It can occasionally cause a corneal infection of the eye.
MOLD TRAINING for Epicoccum sp.
Conidia dimensions: 15-25 microns. A common allergen. It is found in plants,
soil, grains, textiles and paper products.
MOLD TRAINING for Epidermophyton sp.
Can cause infections of skin and nails.
MOLD TRAINING for Fusarium solani
Aw 0.90. Macroconidia dimensions: 27-52 x 4.4-6.8; Microcondia dimensions:
8-16 x 2-4 microns. Found in plants and soils. Can produce trichothecene toxins
that may be associated with disease in humans and animals.
MOLD TRAINING for Fusarium sp.
Aw 0.90. A common soil fungus. It is found on a wide range of plants. It is
often found in humidifiers. Several species in this genus can produce potent
trichothecene toxins. The trichothecene (scirpene) toxin targets the following
systems: circulatory, alimentary, skin, and nervous. Produces vomitoxin on
grains during unusually damp growing conditions. Symptoms may occur either
through ingestion of contaminated grains or possibly inhalation of spores.
The genera can produce hemorrhagic syndrome in humans (alimentary toxic aleukia).
This is characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dermatitis, and extensive
internal bleeding. Reported to be allergenic. Frequently involved in eye,
skin, and nail infections.
MOLD TRAINING for Geotrichum sp.
Aw 0.90. Conidia dimensions: 6-12 x 3-6 microns. Aw 0.90. A common contaminant
of grains, fruits, dairy products, paper, textiles, soil, and water; often
present as part of the normal human flora. The species Geotrichum candidum
can cause a secondary infection (geotrichosis) in association with tuberculosis.
This rare disease can cause lesions of the skin, bronchi, mouth, lung, and
intestine.
MOLD TRAINING for Gliocladium sp.
A fungus that is structurally similar to Penicillium sp. It is reported to
be allergenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Helminthosporium sp.
Reported to be allergenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Histoplasma sp.
A fungus that has filamentous growth at 25 degrees C. and yeast growth at
37 degrees C. It is reported to be a human pathogen. It may be associated
with birds.
MOLD TRAINING for Humicuola sp.
Grows on products with a high cellulose
content. These fungi are also found in soil and on plant debris.
MOLD TRAINING for Hyaline Mycelia
Sterile mycelia that is white or transparent. No fruiting structures are produced
by the mycelia. Visual identification of these organisms is not possible.
Often associated with allergic symptoms.
MOLD TRAINING for Memnoniella sp.
A cellulolytic fungus that is very closely related to Stachybotrys sp. Both
fungi have a worldwide distribution and are often found together and are commonly
found in soil. Recent studies on mycotoxins revealed that Memnoniella echinata
can have a toxicity similar to that of some isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum.
Both produce varying amounts of simple trichothecenes. Thus, it is suggested
that Memnoniella sp. should also be considered potentially dangerous in indoor
air. The major difference between the two fungi is that the conidia of Memnoniella
sp. are in long persistent chains while those of Stachybotrys are aggregated
in slimy heads. Also the aerodynamic diameter of Memnoniella sp. conidia is
smaller and it would be expected to have an even greater potential to penetrate
deep into lungs than the conidia of Stachybotrys sp.
MOLD TRAINING for Microsporum sp.
Causes ringworm in humans.
MOLD TRAINING for Monilia sp.
Reported to be allergenic. This fungus produces soft rot of tree fruits. Other
members produce a red bread mold. It is infrequently involved in corneal eye
infections.
MOLD TRAINING for Mucor sp.
Often found in soil, dead plant material, horse dung, fruits and fruit juice.
It is also found in leather, meat, dairy products, animal hair, and jute.
A Zygomycetes fungus that may be allergenic (skin and bronchial tests). This
organism and other Zygomycetes will grow rapidly on most fungal media. May
cause mucorosis in immune compromised individuals. The sites of infection
are the lung, nasal sinus, brain, eye, and skin. Infection may have multiple
sites.
MOLD TRAINING for Myxomycetes
Members of a group of fungi that are included in the category of "slime
molds". They're occasionally found indoors, but mainly reside in forested
regions on decaying logs, stumps, and dead leaves. Myxomycetes display characteristics
of fungi and protozoans. In favorable (wet) conditions they exhibit motile,
amoeba-like cells, usually bounded only by a plasma membrane, that are variable
in size and form. During dry spells, they form a resting body (sclerotium)
with dry, airborne spores. These fungi are not known to produce toxins, but
can cause hay fever and asthma.
MOLD TRAINING for Nigrospora sp.
Commonly found in warm climates, this mold may be responsible for allergic
reactions such as hay fever and asthma. It is found on decaying plant material
and in the soil. It is not often found indoors.
MOLD TRAINING for Oidium sp.
The asexual phase of Erysiphe sp. It is a plant pathogen causing powdery mildews.
It is very common on the leaves stems, and flowers of plants. The health effects
and allergenicity have not been studied. It does not grow on non-living surfaces
such as wood or drywall.
MOLD TRAINING for Paecilomyces sp.
Commonly found in soil and dust, less frequently in air. P. variotii can cause
paecilomycosis. Linked to wood-trimmers disease and humidifier associated
illnesses. They are reported to allergenic. Some members of this genus are
reported to cause pneumonia. It may produce arsine gas if growing on arsenic
substrate. This can occur on wallpapers covered with Paris green.
MOLD TRAINING for Papulospora sp.
These fungi are found in soil, textiles, decaying plants, manure, and paper.
MOLD TRAINING for Penicillium sp.
Aw 0.78 - 0.88. A wide number of organisms have been placed in this genus.
Identification to species is difficult. Often found in aerosol samples. Commonly
found in soil, food, cellulose and grains. It is also found in paint and compost
piles. It may cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic alveolitis in susceptible
individuals. It is reported to be allergenic (skin). It is commonly found
in carpet, wallpaper, and in interior fiberglass duct insulation. Some species
can produce mycotoxins. Common cause of extrinsic asthma (immediate-type hypersensitivity:
type I). Acute symptoms include edema and bronchiospasms; chronic cases may
develop pulmonary emphysema. It may also cause headaches, vomiting, and diarrhea.
MOLD TRAINING for Periconia sp.
Found in soil, blackened and dead herbaceous stems, leaf spots, grasses, rushes,
and sedges. Almost always associated with other fungi. Rarely found growing
indoors. Reportedly associated with a rare case of mycotic keratitis.
MOLD TRAINING for Perithecium
A fruiting body of a fungus in which some types of spores (including ascospores)
are produced. (plural form: perithecia)
MOLD TRAINING for Peronospora sp.
These species are plant pathogens and the genus is one that causes downy mildews.
Peronospora is very common and is an obligate parasite (obligate parasites
cannot grow on non living environmental surfaces) found on leaves, stems,
flowers, and fruits of living higher plants. Peronospora sp. may be identified
in air on spore trap samples since spores have a distinctive morphology. The
spores may also be seen in dust as part of the normal influx of outdoor microbial
particles. As of this writing, allergenicity has not been studied and no information
is available regarding health effects or toxicity.
MOLD TRAINING for Phoma sp.
A common indoor air allergen. It is similar to the early stages of growth
of Chaetomium sp. The species are isolated from soil and associated plants
(particularly potatoes). Produces pink and purple spots on painted walls.
It may have antigens that cross-react with those of Alternaria sp. It will
grow on butter, paint, cement, and rubber. It may cause phaeohyphomycosis
a systematic or subcutaneous disease.
MOLD TRAINING for Pithomyces sp.
A common mold found on dead leaves, plants, soil and especially grasses. Causes
facial eczema in ruminants. It exhibits distinctive multi-celled brown conidia.
It is not know to be a human allergen or pathogen. It is rarely found indoors,
although it can grow on paper.
MOLD TRAINING for Rhizomucor sp.
The Zygomycetous fungus is reported to be allergenic. It may cause mucorosis
in immune compromised individuals. It occupies a biological niche similar
to Mucor sp. It is often linked to occupational allergy. May cause mucorosis
in immune compromised individuals. The sites of infection are the lung, nasal
sinus, brain, eye, and skin. Infection may have multiple sites.
MOLD TRAINING for Rhizopus sp.
The Zygomycetous fungus is reported to be allergenic. It may cause mucorosis
in immune compromised individuals. It occupies a biological niche similar
to Mucor sp. It is often linked to occupational allergy. May cause mucorosis
in immune compromised individuals. The sites of infection are the lung, nasal
sinus, brain, eye, and skin. Infection may have multiple sites.
MOLD TRAINING for Rhodotorula sp.
A reddish yeast typically found in moist environments such as carpeting, cooling
coils, and drain pans. In some countries it is the most common yeast genus
identified in indoor air. This yeast has been reported to be allergenic. Positive
skin tests have been reported. It has colonized terminally ill patients.
MOLD TRAINING for Rusts (and Smuts)
These fungi are associated with plant diseases. In the classification scheme
of the fungi, the smuts have much in common with the rusts, and they are frequently
discussed together. Both groups produce wind-borne, resistant teliospores
that serve as the basis for their classification and their means of spread.
Rusts usually attack vegetative regions (i.e., leaves and stems) of plants;
smuts usually are associated with the reproductive structures (seeds). They
can cause hay fever and asthma.
MOLD TRAINING for Saccharomyces sp.
Reported to be allergenic. Baker's yeast.
MOLD TRAINING for Scopulariopsis sp.
It may produce arsine gas if growing on arsenic substrate. This can occur
on wallpapers covered with Paris green. It has been found growing on a wide
variety of materials including house dust. It is associated with type III
allergy.
MOLD TRAINING for Sepedonium
Most easily recognized by the spores, which are colorless to yellow, spiny,
round, 1-celled, and produced singly at the ends of short filaments. Sometimes
phialides of the Acremonium or Gabarnaudia type may also occur. A few species
of Mortierella, as well as the human pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum, produce
spores resembling those of Sepedonium. Isolated from soil, but most commonly
parasitized mushrooms.
MOLD TRAINING for Serpula lacrymans
Common cause of extrinsic asthma (immediate-type hypersensitivity: type I).
Acute symptoms include edema and bronchiospasms; chronic cases may develop
pulmonary emphysema.
MOLD TRAINING for Smuts
See Rusts.
MOLD TRAINING for Sporobolomyces sp.
Reported to be allergenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Sporothrix sp.
Can cause sporotrichosis, but usually only in populations that are immune
compromised.
MOLD TRAINING for Sporotrichum sp.
Reported to be allergenic. See also Sporothrix sp. for there is some taxonomic
confusion between these two genera. This genus does not cause sporotrichosis.
MOLD TRAINING for Stachybotrys sp.
Aw - 0.94 , optimum Aw ->0.98. Several strains of this fungus (S. atra,
S. chartarum and S. alternans are synonymous) may produce a trichothecene
mycotoxin- Satratoxin H - which is poisonous by inhalation. The toxins are
present on the fungal spores. This is a slow growing fungus on media. It does
not compete well with other rapidly growing fungi. The dark colored fungus
grows on building material with a high cellulose content and a low nitrogen
content. Areas with a relative humidity above 55%, and are subject to temperature
fluctuations, are ideal for toxin production.
Individuals with chronic exposure to the toxin produced by this fungus reported
cold and flu symptoms, sore throats, diarrhea, headaches, fatigue, dermatitis,
intermittent local hair loss and generalized malaise. Other symptoms include
coughs, rhinitis, nosebleed, a burning sensation in the nasal passages, throat,
and lungs, and fever. The toxins produced by this fungus will suppress the
immune system affecting the lymphoid tissue and the bone marrow. Animals injected
with the toxin from this fungus exhibited the following symptoms: necrosis
and hemorrhage within the brain, thymus, spleen, intestine, lung, heart, lymph
node, liver, and kidney. Affects by absorption of the toxin in the human lung
are known as pneumomycosis.
This organism is rarely found in outdoor samples. It is usually difficult
to find in indoor air samples unless it is physically disturbed (or possibly
-this is speculation- a drop in the relative humidity). The spores are in
a gelatinous mass. Appropriate media for the growth of this organism will
have a high cellulose content and a low nitrogen content. The spores will
die readily after release. The dead spores are still allergenic and toxigenic.
Percutaneous absorption has caused mild symptoms.
MOLD TRAINING for Stemphylium sp.
Reported to be allergenic. Isolated from dead plants and cellulose materials.
MOLD TRAINING for Syncephalastrum sp.
Can cause a respiratory infection characterized by a solid intracaitary fungal
ball.
MOLD TRAINING for Torula sp.
Found outdoors in air, soil, on dead vegetation, wood, and grasses. Also found
indoors on cellulosic materials. Reported to be allergenic and may cause hay
fever and asthma.
MOLD TRAINING for Trichoderma sp.
It is commonly found in soil, dead trees, pine needles, paper, and unglazed
ceramics. It often will grow on other fungi. It produces antibiotics that
are toxic to humans. It has been reported to be allergenic. It readily degrades
cellulose.
MOLD TRAINING for Trichophyton sp.
Can cause ringworm; athlete's: foot, skin, nail, beard and scalp. Reported
to be allergenic. Found on soil and skin.
MOLD TRAINING for Trichothecium sp.
Aw 0.90. Conidia dimensions: 12-23 x 8-10 microns. Found in decomposing vegetation,
soil, corn seeds, and in flour. The species Trichothecium roseum can produce
a trichothecene toxin that may be associated with disease in humans and other
animals. Reported to be allergenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Tritirachium sp.
Reported to be allergenic.
MOLD TRAINING for Ulocladium sp.
Aw 0.89. Isolated from dead plants and cellulose materials. Found on textiles.
MOLD TRAINING for Verticillium sp.
Conidia dimensions: 2.3-10 x 1-2.6 microns. Found in decaying vegetation,
on straw, soil and arthropods. A rare cause of corneal infections.
MOLD TRAINING for Wallemia sp.
Aw 0.75. Conidia dimensions: 2.5-3.5 microns. Found in sugary foods, salted
meats, dairy products, textiles, soil, hay and fruits.
MOLD TRAINING
for Yeast
Various yeasts are commonly identified on air samples. Some yeasts are reported
to be allergenic. They may cause problems if a person has had previous exposure
and developed a hypersensitivity. Yeasts may be allergenic to susceptible
individuals when present in sufficient concentrations.
Please click on your area to find a Certified Mold Training Class
ALABAMA
ARIZONA
ALASKA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DISTRIC OF COLUMBIA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
